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- <text id=94TT0390>
- <title>
- Apr. 11, 1994: Theater:Fascism, Fury, Fear and Farce
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Apr. 11, 1994 Risky Business on Wall Street
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- THE ARTS & MEDIA, Page 76
- Theater
- Fascism, Fury, Fear and Farce
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Eugene Ionesco's absurdist comedies transmuted a century of
- dictatorship and evil into profound nonsense and guffaws
- </p>
- <p>By William A. Henry III
- </p>
- <p> When asked to muse on the avant-garde of the generation before
- his own, the man who became perhaps the most influential avant-garde
- dramatist of the 20th century savored the historical irony.
- "They all wanted to destroy culture," he said, "and now they're
- part of our heritage." The same thing happened to the father
- of "theater of the absurd" (he preferred the label theater of
- derision, saying, "It's not a certain society that seems ridiculous
- to me, it's mankind"). In 1950, Eugene Ionesco's The Bald Soprano
- opened in Paris to catcalls, and a performance of his The Lesson
- ended with the lead actor bolting out ahead of angry spectators.
- But seven years later, a Paris theater produced a double bill
- of the two plays; they are still running today after nearly
- 12,000 performances. By 1970 the Romanian-born Ionesco had been
- elected to the pantheon of tradition, the Academie Francaise.
- His death at 84 was announced last week by France's Ministry
- of Culture rather than by his wife of 58 years, Rodica, or their
- daughter.
- </p>
- <p> At his peak in the early 1960s, Ionesco attracted such collaborators
- as Jean-Louis Barrault, who magically staged A Stroll in the
- Air; Laurence Olivier and Zero Mostel, who both played the lead
- in Rhinoceros (with Mostel winning a Tony Award on Broadway);
- and Alec Guinness, who starred in Exit the King, a Lear-like
- portrait of the inevitability of death. Ionesco was hailed as
- someone who might bridge the gap between literature and entertainment.
- Instead, his work grew more remote and austere, and his audiences
- dwindled. His last play, Journeys Among the Dead, was withdrawn
- before opening in New York City.
- </p>
- <p> Ionesco's work was often likened to Samuel Beckett's. In The
- Chairs, for example, an old couple at a lighthouse fill a room
- with chairs to prepare for an orator who turns out to speak
- only by growling. Most of Ionesco's works were funnier than
- Beckett's, more verbal, richer in farcical action and far less
- despairing. In Soprano, mock-philosophical discussion shaded
- into nonsense. The Lesson, a portrait of a megalomaniacal teacher,
- reflected dark satire of the powerful. Rhinoceros blended those
- themes with a manic physical portrait of a city where everyone
- turns into a rampaging beast. This eccentric mix of humor and
- horror, of prattle and inarticulate profundity, influenced writers
- from Tom Stoppard to Edward Albee. The plays are widely taught
- at colleges and high schools and probably helped shape the surrealist
- sensibility of much contemporary TV comedy.
- </p>
- <p> While America gave Rhinoceros its warmest reception anywhere,
- critics and audiences seemed to misunderstand it as light comedy.
- To Ionesco, it was a brutal metaphor for what happened in Romania
- under fascism and communism. In a journal dated "around 1940,"
- he wrote, "The police are rhinoceroses. The judges are rhinoceroses.
- You are the only man among the rhinoceroses. The rhinoceroses
- wonder how the world could have been led by men. You yourself
- wonder: Is it true that the world was led by men?" The horror
- behind this question never left. Ionesco's jokes were those
- of nearly all the 20th century avant-garde--a whistling in
- the graveyard.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-